these acts are information

of influencing target audiences. You cannot “information” someone to do something. Certainly, information exists. But by itself, information has no power to motivate; information only informs. Moreover, playing tank engine sounds, showing newsreel images, conducting tactical ruses, corrupting databases, conducting denigration operations, producing false or misleading “orders,” or even offering sweet potatoes to an enemy officer may influence someone to do something—but none of these acts are information Rather than branding “not-war” activities as information operations, we should ask ourselves what it is that we hope ufabet